Android –

Menu –

Menu is an efficient and friendly way to show multiple options, from which users can choose what they like.

Android have the following three type of menus:

• Option Menu
• Context Menu
• Popup Menu

Steps:

Defining a Menu in xml:

We can define the menu, create an XML file inside your project’s res/menu/directory and build the menu with the following elements.

<menu>

Menu is a container for menu items. A <menu> element must be the root node for the file and hold one or more <item> and <group>elements.

<item>

We have to create a MenuItem, which represents a single item in a menu. Item element  contains a nested <menu> element in order to create a submenu.

Here is an example of game_menu.xml:

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>

<menu xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”>

<item android:id=”@+id/new_game” android:title=”New Game” android:icon=@drawable/ic_new_game

android:showASAction=”ifRoom”/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/help” android:title=”Item2″

android:icon=@drawable/ic_help

android:title=”Help”

/>

   </menu>

 

The <item> element supports several attributes you can use to define an item’s appearance and behavior.

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Adding a submenu(Nested Menu):

To add a submenu to an item in any menu (except a submenu)  you have to add  <menu> element as the child of an <item>.

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>

<menu xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”>

 

<item android:id=”@+id/file”

android:title=”File”>

<menu>

   <item android:id=”@+id/create_new” android:title=”Create New”/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/open” android:title=”Open”/>

 

</menu>

</item>   

</menu>

 

How to use the menu in your Activity?

To use the menu in your activity, you need to inflate the menu resource (convert hte XML resource into a programmable object) using MenuInflater.inflate().

MenuInflater inflater=getMenuInflater();

inflater.inflate(R.menu.game_menu,menu;

 

Defining action on Menu Click:

 

Public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)

{

Return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

}

 

Android option Menu:

The options menu is the primary collection of menu items for an activity.

Its where you should place actions that have a global impact on the app, such as “Search”, “Compose email”, and “Settings”.

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Steps of creating Option Menu:

1. Define menu items in res/menu.xml

 

<menu xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”>

 

   <item android:id=”@+id/item1″ android:title=”Item1″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item2″ android:title=”Item2″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item3″ android:title=”Item3″/>

</menu>

In Activity Class:

     2.Override onCreateOptionsMenu()

It is this method where you inflate your menu resource (defined in XML) into the Menu provided in the callback. For example:

@Override

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){

   getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.options_menu,menu);

   return true;

}

 

Define Click Events:

@Override

public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){

   switch (item.getItemId()){

       case R.id.item1:

           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Item 1 is selected”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

           return  true;

       case R.id.item2:

           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Item 2 is selected”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

           return  true;

       case R.id.item3:

           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Item 3 is selected”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

           return true;

       default:return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

   }

}

 

Note:

1. Items for the options menu can be declared from either your Activity subclass or a Fragment subclass.

1. If both , activity and fragment(s) declare items for the options menu, thay are combined in the UI.
2. The activity’s items appear first, followed by those of each fragment in the order in which each fragment is added to the activity.

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Android Context Menu:

Android Context Menu appears when a user long clicks on the item/element.

It is also known as a floating menu.

1. Define menu items in res/menu.xml

<menu xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”>

 

   <item android:id=”@+id/item1″ android:title=”Item1″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item2″ android:title=”Item2″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item3″ android:title=”Item3″/>

</menu>

 

1. In Activity class:

Implement onContextItemSelected()

@Override

public boolean onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu,View v,ContextMenuInfo menuInfo){

   getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.context_menu,menu);

   return true;

}

 

1. Define Click Events:

When the user selects a menu item, the system calls onContextItemSelected() methods so you can perform the appropriate action for example:

@Override

public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){

   if(item.getTitle()==“Delete”)

       Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Delete was Pressed”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

   else

   if(item.getTitle()==“UpperCase”)

       Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“UpperCase was Pressed”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

   else

   if(item.getTitle()==“LowerCase”)

       Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“LowerCase was Pressed”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

 

return  true;

}

 

Android Popup Menu:

Android popup Menu displays the menu below the another text if space is available otherwise above the anchor text.

Define menu items in res/menu.xml

<menu xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”>

 

   <item android:id=”@+id/item1″ android:title=”Item1″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item2″ android:title=”Item2″/>

   <item android:id=”@+id/item3″ android:title=”Item3″/>

</menu>

1. If you define your menu in XML,here’s how you can show the popup menu.

E.g. A button with the android.onClick attribute that shows a popup menu:

<ImageButton

android:layout_width=”wrap_content”

android:layout_height=”wrap_content”

android.src=”@drawable/ic_overflow_holo_dark”

android.onClick=”showPopup”

android.contentdescription=”@string/descr_overflow_button”/>

 

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The activity can then show the popup menu like this:

public void showPopup(View v){

PopupMenu popup=new PopupMenu(this,v);

 

getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.actions,popup.getMenu());

popup.show();

}

 

Define click events:

@Override

public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item){

  switch (item.getItemId()){

       case R.id.active:

           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Item 1 is selected”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

           return  true;

       case R.id.delete:

           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),“Item 2 is selected”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

           return  true;

              default:return  false;

 

   }

 

}

 

Author:-

Jyostna Binjwe

SevenMentor Pvt Ltd

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